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When you try to connect to the Internet with a dial-up connection or to establish a VPN connection to Windows RRAS on a Windows 11/10 client machine, you may receive the error message No PPP control protocols configured or similar, but typically accompanied by the error code 720. This post offers practical solutions to the issue.
When this issue occurs on your system, you may receive one of the following error messages:
Error 720: No PPP Control Protocols configured.
Error 720: Dial-Up networking could not negotiate a compatible set of network protocols you specified in the Server Type settings. Check your network configuration in the network control panel and try the connection again.
Error 720: The connection attempt failed because your computer and the remote computer could not agree on the PPP control protocol.
You’re likely to encounter this issue due to the following reasons:
TCP/IP is damaged or is not bound to your dial-up adapter.
The client computer and the RAS server do not have a protocol in common, or RAS is not configured correctly.
The client’s VPN server gets the DHCP to assign IP to the VPN client.
WAN Miniport issue.
MS-CHAP version issue.
Read: WAN Connection Error on Windows PC
Error 720: No PPP control protocols configuredSuppose the No PPP control protocols configured with error code 720 occur when trying to connect to the Internet with a dial-up connection or when attempting to establish a VPN connection to Windows RRAS on a Windows 11/10 client machine. In that case, the fixes we have presented below in no particular order can be applied to resolve the issue.
Initial checklist
Configure PPTP to use PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 for authentication
Uninstall/Reinstall the TCP/IP Protocol
Contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Let’s look at the description of the process as it relates to each of the listed solutions.
Read: VPN Error 721: The remote computer is not responding
1] Initial checklistEssentially, the basic troubleshooting for the No PPP control protocols configured with error code 720 on your Windows 11/10 client machine requires you to do the following:
Check the settings of the router or modem to make sure that the router is configured to use the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
Check the settings of the client computer to make sure that the computer is configured to use the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
Check the cables to make sure that all cables are securely connected and that there are no loose connections.
Check the drivers to make sure that all drivers are updated especially network adapter drivers.
Make sure the modem and router are up to date. You can search the instructions for your router firmware update procedure through the support website offered by your device manufacturer using the exact model number to update your router’s firmware.
Run the Network and Internet Troubleshooter.
Create an IP pool to assign IP to the VPN client or use Windows DHCP instead of the router as DHCP.
Reset Network to reinstall network adapters and reset networking components to default. Once done, you can re-configure or set up your dial-up or VPN connection again with the required settings.
Reset the modem and router to factory settings. For most modern routers (refer to the device user manual), doing a complete factory reset involves only a few steps.
Read: Connection between access point, router, and the Internet is broken
2] Configure PPTP to use PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 for authenticationThis solution requires you to configure PPTP to use PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 for authentication. Microsoft recommends Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) with MS-CHAP v2 as the client authentication method is one way to help secure VPN authentication.
To enforce the use of PEAP on client platforms, Windows Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS) servers should be configured to allow only connections that use PEAP authentication, and to refuse connections from clients that use MS-CHAP v2 or EAP-MS-CHAP v2. Administrators must confirm the following and also check the corresponding authentication method options on the RRAS server and the Network Policy Server (NPS) server.
Server certificate validation is turned ON. (The default behavior is ON.)
Server Name validation is turned ON. (The default behavior is ON.) The correct server’s name must be specified.
The root certificate from which the Server certificate was issued is installed correctly on the client system’s store and is turned ON. (Always ON).
On the Windows client machine, the Do not prompt the user to authorize new servers or trusted certification authorities option in the PEAP properties window should be enabled. By default, it is disabled.
To configure the RRAS Server for the PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 authentication method, follow the steps shown below:
In the RRAS Server Management window, open Server Properties.
Now, make sure that the EAP check box is selected and that the MS-CHAP v2 check box is not selected.
Once done, you can proceed to configure connections for Network Policy Server to only allow connections from clients that use the PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 authentication method by following the steps below. To configure this connection, a valid Server certificate must be installed in the Personal store, and a valid root certificate must be installed in the Trusted Root CA store of the server.
Open the NPS UI.
In the left Constraints pane, select Authentication Methods.
Uncheck the boxes for the MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP-v2 methods.
Next, remove EAP-MS-CHAP v2 from the EAP Types list.
Select the PEAP authentication method.
Select EAP-MS-CHAP v2 as the authentication method.
Read: The requested certificate template is not supported by this CA
Once done, you can now proceed to configure the Windows VPN clients to use the PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 authentication method by selecting the corresponding method from the VPN connection properties UI and by installing the appropriate root certificate on the client system. To perform this task, do the following:
Press the Windows key + R to invoke the Run dialog.
In the Run dialog box, type chúng tôi and hit Enter to open the Network Connections folder.
Now, make sure that you have a protocol that the RAS server is running.
If you do not have a protocol that the RAS server is running, follow the steps below to add the needed protocol:
Read: PPTP/L2TP VPN is not connecting in Windows 11
4] Uninstall/Reinstall the TCP/IP ProtocolWhen this error occurs on your Windows 11/10 client computer, if you view the devices in Device Manager, you may notice a yellow exclamation mark (!) over the icon for the WAN Miniport IP (#2) device. In this case, to resolve the issue, you will need to uninstall the TCP/IP protocol, remove the second WAN Miniport IP device, and then reinstall the TCP/IP protocol.
Do the following:
Open the Network Connections folder.
Follow the on-screen instructions to uninstall TCP/IP.
Next, open Device Manager.
Under Network adapters, there should be no WAN Miniport IP devices. If a WAN Miniport IP device is listed, continue to the following step. If no WAN Miniport IP device is listed, go directly to the part below for the steps to reinstall the TCP/IP protocol. Since this is a registry operation, it is recommended that you back up the registry or create a system restore point as necessary precautionary measures. Once done, you can proceed as follows:
Press Windows key + R to invoke the Run dialog.
In the Run dialog box, type regedit and hit Enter to open Registry Editor.
Navigate or jump to the registry key path below:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlClass{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
Exit Registry Editor.
Now, go back to Device Manager, under the Network adapter section, and uninstall the WAN Miniport (IP) device.
Now, to reinstall the TCP/IP protocol, follow these steps:
Now, reset the modem by turning the power off and then on, or for an internal modem, restart the computer. Test your Internet connectivity and see if your problem is resolved. Else, proceed with the next suggestion.
5] Contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP)This solution applies specifically to affected users that encountered the issue using a dial-up internet connection. This requires you to contact your ISP to ensure they provide the correct settings for your connection.
Read: Error 633: The modem is already in use or is not configured
Hopefully, this helps!
What is the PPP link control protocol was terminated?This error is usually associated with the error code 734 and it indicates you have a Multi-link negotiation turned on for a single-link connection, or have the dial-up connection security configuration improperly configured to the Require secured password option. If you have encountered this error, to resolve the issue, you can refer to the linked guide in this post above.
Related post: The PPP link control protocol was terminated — Error 734
How do I fix no PPP control protocols configured?If you have received this error message on your Windows 11/10 computer, to fix the error, we have provided adequate solutions and suggestions in this post above to help you. PPP error means that the computer was unable to establish a connection to the internet. The Point-to-Point Protocol is essentially a set of instructions that are used by two or more computers over a serial interface, such as a dial-up connection.
Read next: Fix VPN Error 691, The remote connection was not made or denied.
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How To Fix “Sorry, No Manipulations With Clipboard Allowed” Error
The copy-and-paste functionality makes it easy to duplicate and move texts, multimedia files, and other types of documents within applications. You can either copy and paste data using keyboard shortcuts, from the Menu Bar, or across your Apple devices using the Universal Clipboard feature.
Despite how easy it is to duplicate data between apps and across devices, some Mac users encounter a “Sorry, no manipulations with clipboard allowed” error when they try to copy and paste texts and files.
Table of Contents
If this describes your current predicament, you should read this article to the end to see what this error means, its causative factors, and how to fix it.
What Does the “Sorry, No Manipulations With Clipboard Allowed” Error MeanWhen you copy texts or files on your device, macOS temporarily saves the copied item in virtual storage called the “clipboard.” The copied item stays in the clipboard until you shut down your Mac or copy a new item. The “Sorry, no manipulations with clipboard allowed” means you cannot access or write data to your Mac’s clipboard and thus, cannot copy or paste data.
You’ll get this error if the system processes powering the clipboard malfunction or if your Mac’s operating system is bug-ridden and outdated. Malware and virus infection could also cause this error. One of the troubleshooting steps below should help eliminate the error.
Restart or Refresh the Pasteboard ServerPasteboard or pboard is an important system process responsible for storing and pasting copied or cut data from one application to another. The pboard server also temporarily holds data you move to a different destination on your Mac.
For instance, when you drag a file from one folder to another, it’s temporarily stored in the “drag pasteboard” before it’s moved to the destination folder/location.
You might encounter the “Sorry, No Manipulations With Clipboard Allowed” error if the pasteboard server is malfunctioning or quits unexpectedly. Refreshing the server sometimes fixes the problem.
Restart Pboard Server From the Activity MonitorAlternately, press Command + Space bar, type activity monitor in the Spotlight search field, and select Activity Monitor.
Select Quit.
Select Force Quit.
That’ll terminate and immediately restart the pasteboard server. Close the Activity Monitor and check if you can now copy and paste data on your Mac.
Restart Pboard Server Using TerminalThere’s a lot you can do with the macOS Terminal utility. You can use the tool to identify network settings, empty your Mac’s trash, and terminate ancillary processes running in the background. If the error message persists after refreshing the pasteboard server via the Activity Monitor, try terminating the process from the Terminal console.
A quicker way to launch Terminal is from the Spotlight search. Type terminal in the search bar and select Terminal to launch the app.
Type or paste sudo killall pboard in the Terminal console and press Enter.
Enter your Mac’s password and press Enter.
Close the Terminal console and check if you’re able to copy and paste texts and files. Note that refreshing or restarting the pasteboard server will clear your Mac’s clipboard and delete all previously copied content. That would remove any corrupt data in the clipboard and resolve the “Sorry, no manipulations with clipboard allowed” error.
Force Quit the WindowServerThe WindowServer handles several components that make up your Mac’s graphical user interface (GUI), e.g., Dock and Menu Bar and other vital background processes. From community discussions, it seems that force-quitting the WindowServer can fix issues with macOS’ copy-and-paste functionality.
Note that force-quitting the WindowServer will close all active apps and windows. The operation will also log you out of your Mac. Although all closed applications automatically relaunch when you sign in, you might lose unsaved data. Therefore, we recommend that you manually close all applications and windows before resetting the WindowServer.
Select the Quit button in the new window that pops up.
Select Force Quit to proceed.
macOS will automatically restart the WindowServer when you sign back into your account. Enter your password or sign in using Touch ID and check if force-quitting the WindowServer fixes the problem.
Update Your Mac Restart Your MacIf there’s no update available for your Mac, or the error persists after installing the update, restarting your Mac should fix the problem. It’s essential to restart your Mac after installing a software update, especially if the macOS installer recommends doing so.
Scan Mac for Malware and VirusesAs mentioned earlier, this error could be due to malware or virus infection. If you have an antivirus tool on your Mac, perform a full system scan to check for potential virus infections. Also, check this compilation of the best macOS antivirus for some reliable options.
0X80043103 No Error Description: How To Fix It In 5 Steps
0x80043103 No Error Description: How to Fix It in 5 Steps Try these easy fixes if you get the 0x80043103 No error description
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Download Fortect and install it on your PC.
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Sometimes, the simplest of tasks on your PC can become tough to get around. For instance, running into Error 0x80043103, No error description is available when deleting files on your Windows PC.
Also, users complain about Error 0x80041003 on Windows 10 & 7, usually caused by a security feature or intrusive system files.
What causes the 0x80043103 No error description?Many factors may cause the Error 0x80043103; No error description is available to appear on your screen when deleting files. These factors prevent you from deleting any files on your PC.
A common factor that can cause the No error description available error 0x80043103 is a misconfiguration in the registry. The registry issue can apply to permissions or configuration settings on your PC, interfering with the deletion process.
Furthermore, the error can occur due to other factors such as:
Windows Defender Firewall interference – The activities of the Windows Firewall can block other processes or services running on your PC. It can detect the file delete process as malicious or a threat, prompting Windows to run into errors.
Windows Startup issues – When Windows is not properly booted, it can cause it to malfunction and run into many issues. So, you may have difficulties deleting files on your PC if there is a problem with booting its components. It can result in the 0x80043103 No error description.
However, these causes may vary in different computers, but you can fix them by troubleshooting your PC.
The solutions below will also fix error 0x800f0831 Windows Server 2012 R2, error 0x800f0831 Windows Server 2023, and error 0x800f0831 Windows Server 2023.
How do I fix the 0x80043103 No error description?Before trying any fixes for the error, go through the following:
Close and relaunch File Explorer.
Unplug external USB devices from your PC.
Restart your computer and check if you can fix the error. Here’s what to do if the PC fails to restart.
Expert tip:
1. Restart Windows in Safe ModeRestarting Windows in Safe Mode will fix any startup issues affecting your system and resolve the 0x80043103 No error description.
2. Move the file to another locationMoving the file to another folder can resolve the error if it is due to issues with the folder itself.
3. Disable Windows FirewallDisabling the settings above will resolve any Windows Defender Firewall interference with the File Explorer or the file in question.
4. Delete files using PowerShellExecuting the delete command from PowerShell can force delete the file. Check what to do if Windows PowerShell stops working when executing the steps above.
5. Disable Windows Search ServiceDisabling Windows Search Service has proven to be an effective fix for some users.
In conclusion, you may be interested in fixing the Could not find this item error when deleting a file on your computer.
Also, you can check our guide on how to force-delete a folder in Windows 11 if you can’t delete the folder.
Still experiencing issues?
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How To Fix A No Bootable Device Error On Windows 10
If you’ve started up your Windows PC and you’re faced with a “no bootable device” error, you might panic. While it could be a sign that your hard drive has failed, it could also point to a misconfigured boot order or corrupt system files, which can be fixed using certain Windows system commands like the System File Checker (SFC).
A “no bootable device” error can be problematic, but it can also be fixed by following some common troubleshooting steps. If you’re facing this error and you’re not sure how to fix it, the steps below should help you resolve the issue on Windows 10.
Table of Contents
Check Your Drive Boot OrderIn many cases, a “no bootable device” error is a sign that your PC can’t find the correct drive to boot up because the boot order, which determines which drives and devices it should load and in what order, is incorrectly configured. To fix this, you’ll need to enter your PC’s BIOS or UEFI settings menu.
Start by switching on your PC. As it begins to boot, you’ll need to press a certain key to interrupt the process and access your BIOS/UEFI settings menu. Check your PC or laptop’s manual for the correct key to press, or attempt common keys such as F1, F10, F12, and DEL.
The BIOS or UEFI settings menu will differ from device to device. Locate the device boot options in your menu and change the order using the on-screen instructions, making sure that your Windows system drive is in the first position.
With the boot order changed, follow the on-screen instructions to save your settings and reboot your PC. When your PC reboots, and assuming no other issues, your system drive will load first, allowing the Windows boot-up process to begin.
Check Your CablingIf there are other issues causing a “no bootable device” error, however, you’ll need to investigate further. If you have a desktop PC, for instance, you may need to open the case and check the cabling to ensure that your hard drive’s power and data cables are connected properly.
Before you close your case, however, you should also check for damage. A frayed or exposed cable may also stop your drive from working. Always replace damaged cabling when you spot it to prevent your drive from being damaged.
Scan for Corrupt System Files Using SFCIf your hard drive is connected properly, it could point to a corrupt Windows installation. You can check for corrupt system files using the System File Checker (SFC) tool.
As Windows can’t boot, however, you’ll need to create a Windows 10 installation USB stick (or DVD) first. This will give you access to a command prompt in the Windows installation menu, allowing you to run the SFC command to scan for corrupt files on your drive.
However, this will only work if your drive is detected by your PC in your BIOS/UEFI menu and by the Windows installation media. Otherwise, this step won’t work, and you’ll need to try another method.
To start, insert your Windows installation media and start up your PC. You may need to change the boot order (using the steps above) to ensure your USB or DVD media is selected first. Once the Windows installation screen appears, select the Shift + F10 keys to open a command prompt window.
In the command prompt window, type diskpart, then list volume. This will give you a list of available drives, as well as their drive letters. Make note of the drive letters assigned to the drive containing your existing Windows installation and to the smaller System Reserved partition.
SFC will check and attempt to repair any errors in your existing Windows installation. Once the process is complete, press the Close button in the top-right corner to close both the command prompt and Windows installation windows and restart your PC.
Repair Windows Bootloader (GPT or MBR) Using DiskpartOlder Windows installations used a Master Boot Record (MBR) to save hard drive partition information to your drive, giving your PC information on where to find and load Windows system files. If you’ve switched from MBR to GPT recently, you may have corrupted your bootloader.
As a PC’s BIOS/UEFI requires this information to boot Windows, you’ll need to repair or replace it first using the diskpart command. This carries extreme risk, however, and could cause you to lose all saved data on a drive. If you’re unsure what you’re doing, you’ll need to use another method to back up your drive first.
If you want to proceed, you’ll need Windows installation media on a USB drive or DVD first to be able to run this command on a drive that no longer boots.
To begin, insert your installation media and start your PC and change your boot order (using the steps above) to load the Windows installer. Once the installation menu appears, select the Shift + F10 keys to open a new command prompt window.
In the new command prompt window, type diskpart, then list disk. Identify whether or not you have an GPT or MBR bootloader by checking whether or not your system drive has an asterisk under the GPT column. If it does (or if the column is missing entirely), type sel disk 0 (replacing 0 with the correct volume disk number listed by the list disk command), then list volume. Make a note of the assigned drive letters at this point.
If you have an MBR bootloader, type exit to close diskpart, then run the following commands sequentially to repair your bootloader and restart your PC: bootrec /fixboot, bootrec /scanos, bootrec /rebuildbcd, shutdown /r. If the process is successful, your system drive should boot up correctly. If you see an access is denied warning, you’re probably trying to repair a MBR bootloader on a GPT drive.
If you have a GPT bootloader, select the 100MB System Reserved or (System EFI) partition by typing sel vol 0, replacing 0 with the correct volume number listed by the list volume command. Assign a new drive letter to that drive by typing assign letter Z: (replacing Z: with another available drive letter).
Once assigned, type exit to close diskpart, then run the following commands sequentially to repair the existing GPT bootloader, replacing drive letters with the letter you assigned previously: cd /d Z:efimicrosoftboot, attrib BCD -s -h -r, ren BCD chúng tôi bcdboot C:Windows /l en-us /s k: /f ALL. If the commands are successful, type shutdown /r to restart your PC.
If these steps don’t work, or if you’ve corrupted your bootloader entirely, you may need to wipe and reinstall Windows. This will place a new bootloader on your system drive, but you’ll probably lose any saved files in the process.
Maintaining a Windows 10 InstallationA “no bootable device” error on a Windows 10 PC can be a sign that urgent maintenance is required. Keeping your PC well maintained with regular system updates and a scheduled file backup can help you, especially if your hardware has failed and you need to reset Windows to factory settings.
Best 6 Blockchain Protocols To Consider For 2023
The regulations and procedures known as enterprise Blockchain Protocols, also called blockchain protocols, are used to regulate the transfer between devices and to control the mechanism and application programming interface in order to create a better ecosystem. These are blocks of code that provide security to protect against malicious users causing harm.
1. Hyper LedgerThe Linux Foundation created Hyperledger, a project that combines many protocols and frameworks. Hyperledger was founded in 2023 with the primary goal of improving cross-industry blockchain technology and empowering them to efficiently deal with complex issues.
To facilitate collaboration between developers, businesses, and other users, the protocol uses distributed ledger technology. Because of its significant features, the protocol is only accessible to those who have permission. It is not publically accessible, but it does support plug-in components.
Hyperledger’s Key Features are –
Collaborative approach
Permissioned membership
Productivity enhancement
Management of intellectual property
Also read:
Top 10 Best Software Companies in India
2. MultichainThe multichain protocol was created to assist Blockchain app development by facilitating efficient and secure transactions. It provides APIs that allow for quick integration updates and deployment. The protocol, as the name implies, provides a command-line interface for multichain and an API to build and preserve the chains.
Multichain allows each transaction node to be configured before sharing assets. This protocol allows for the creation and deployment of private blockchains within and between enterprises.
The main features of the Multichain protocol include –
Faster development
Permissions controlled
Unlimited access to assets
High security
3. CordaCorda is a multichain competitor specifically designed for the financial and banking sector. Corda is accredited by R3 Banking and uses distributed ledger technology. Consensus algorithms that were used to create the protocol ensure security, transparency, transaction validation, traceability, and traceability. Smart contracts are also available, which allow for the automation of banking solutions.
The main features of R3 Corda include
Smart contract creation
Timestamping using notary pools
Multilayer ledger
Pluggable consensus
4. Quorum
Quorum, a top-of-the-line blockchain protocol, is designed to help financial industry businesses. It was created by JP Morgan and is open-source on Ethereum. To serve permission networks more efficiently, the protocol uses a consortium approach.
Quorum Node and Transaction Manager are the key components of Quorum architecture. It maintains a strong permission network that is private and has high-performance variables.
Quorum’s key features are –
Privacy of Transactions and Contracts
Voting based on Consensus
Peer Permission management
Community driven
Enterprise-ready
Also read:
Best ecommerce platform in 2023
5. SolanaSolana, a public blockchain platform, provides the infrastructure necessary for global adoption. It is highly secure, fast, and censorship-resistant. It supports 50,000 transactions per minute and generates new blocks every 400miliseconds using 200 validator nodes.
Solana (SOL), was founded in 2023 with the primary goal of increasing transaction throughput and at a lower price than established protocols like Ethereum. The SOL protocol is not only ultra-fast but also censorship-resistant, i.e., the network remains open for applications to run freely, and transactions never stop.
This protocol includes a new proof of history (PoH), timing mechanism, and facilitates Proof of stake (PoS), protocol structure. Cloudbreak is a distributed archive that makes sure the transaction history takes up very little space.
Solana’s key features are –
Cost-effective
Composable
Highly scalable
6. Ethereum
Our last pick is Ethereum, an open-source platform specifically designed for business applications. The protocol base is built on a smart contract, which deploys decentralized applications that allow for automatic transactions. It allows users to create agreements and execute transactions without the involvement of a third party.
Ethereum is widely used to send and get worldwide transaction values. It also empowers Blockchain developers in building distributed applications. It ensures that the protocol’s decentralized apps (dApps) and smart contracts are free from any interference or downtime. Some of the components of Ethereum include digital signatures, P2P networks, POW, as well as Ether, which is its own cryptocurrency.
The key features of Ethereum –
Peer-to-peer network
Faultless data coordination
Larger Scalability
Highly compatible
Wrapping up
Blockchain protocols provide unique and efficient business solutions with many applications. Blockchain for Business is growing in popularity. One should consider multiple factors such as the size of the enterprise and its nature when choosing a protocol. To ensure that you select the right protocol, deploy it securely, and maintain the solution, you need to find a reliable blockchain app development company.
What Is Vpn Tunnel: Common Types Of Vpn Tunneling Protocols
VPNs are becoming popular with each passing day. They are available to everyone for free and premium if you want fast servers and better security. You might have heard about VPN Tunnel. But, have you ever wondered about what it is and how does it work? This is the guide for you to know all about VPN Tunnel and Common types of VPN Tunneling protocols.
What is VPN TunnelNormally, when we connect our devices to the internet via WiFi or ethernet, or mobile data, our devices directly connect to the Internet Service providers without anything in the middle. Our entire traffic is routed through the internet service provider.
But, when you connect to the internet through a VPN, you are not directly connected to the internet service provider. VPN acts as the middleman between your device and the internet service provider. Your entire traffic and data are now routed through VPN and your internet service provider has no access to it. The connection that establishes between your device and the VPN is called a VPN tunnel. In most of the free VPN services, the tunnels are not properly encrypted which leaves your data exposed.
Read: What is a VPN, and Why should we use a VPN?
Common Types of VPN Tunneling ProtocolsVPN tunnels are encrypted using various protocols that depend and differ from every VPN service provider. Each type of VPN tunnel provides you with some level of security and makes your data secure. When we use a VPN program on our device, we don’t have to do anything. Those tunneling protocols are undertaken by the VPN program. There is a need that we have to know how secure are our VPN connections and what tunneling protocols are they using. Let’s see the types of VPN Tunneling Protocols.
The different types of VPN tunneling protocols are
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
L2TP/IPsec
SSTP
OpenVPN
WireGuard
Let’s see what they are in detail.
1] PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is considered the least secure tunneling protocol. It is also the oldest among the protocols. It was created by Microsoft and released with Windows 95. You don’t need to have any technical expertise to use PPTP. All you need is a username and password with a server address to make the connection. PPTP is also the fastest VPN Tunneling protocol since its encryption level is too low. If you don’t bother about security, this might work for you in terms of speed.
2] L2TP/IPSec 3] SSTPSecure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) is also developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Vista SP1 and later versions. It has the ability to transport data through Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Hence, the name Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol. SSL secures the data that passes through it with different ports which can bypass most of the firewalls. SSTP is natively supported on Windows and not available on any other platforms. Even the protocol is not audited publicly for the possibility of any backdoor entries.
4] OpenVPNOpenVPN is the open-source VPN tunneling protocol that encrypts the data that passes through it with AES-256 like L2TP. The difference between the two is the code that is available openly for audits and anyone can find the vulnerabilities and fix them. That is the reason it is considered the most secure VPN tunneling protocol. Also, it is supported on different platforms and most of the VPN service providers use this for the same reason. OpenVPN provides faster connections and can bypass almost every firewall.
5] WireGuardThis is the new and latest VPN tunneling protocol which aims to be fast, secure, lightweight, and easy to use. It is a security-focused protocol that uses proven cryptography protocols and algorithms to secure the data. WireGuard is not available on some of the VPN service providers though it is better in speed and security than OpenVPN as it is the latest technology and the VPN service providers are in the process of incorporating it into their programs.
These are the various types of VPN tunneling protocols that we use in a VPN.
Read: How to Export and Import VPN connections on Windows.
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