Trending December 2023 # How To Print A List Of Files In A Windows Directory # Suggested January 2024 # Top 13 Popular

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In this article I’m going to mention the two main ways to generate a directory listing: using the command line or using a third-party program. If your needs are very simple, the command line method is the easiest and doesn’t require any additional tools. If you need a more fancy report, then check out the freeware utilities.

Table of Contents

Command Line

So let’s start with the command line method first since it’s easy and will probably be enough for 90% of the people reading this article. To get started, open Explorer and browse to the folder directory above the folder that you want to get the directory listing for.

At the command prompt, you have to type a very simple command:

The dir command generates a list of files and folders in the current directory and the right angle bracket says that the output should be sent to a file rather than onto the screen. The file will be created in the current folder and if you open it using Notepad, it’ll look like this:

By default, the command will give you the last modified date/time, the size of the files, the list of directories and the actual file names. If you want different information, you can add parameters to the command.

For example, if you don’t want all that extra information, you can print just the names of the files and folders using the following command:

In the above examples, you’ll notice there is a folder called Word Stuff, but the output doesn’t list any of the files inside that directory. If you want to get a listing of all files and folders including subdirectories of the current directory, then you would use this command:

The dir command has a bunch of other command line parameters which I won’t mention here, but you can check out a full list of them on Microsoft’s website. Using the extra parameters, you can also show file attributes (hidden, compressed, etc), show file ownership and more. You can then import the data into Excel and choose tab-delimited so that the data will be separated into individual columns rather than being bunched into one.

Third-Party Freeware Directory List & Print

One of the best utilities for printing directory listings is Directory List & Print. When you download it, you’ll notice that some of the features are disabled. That’s because the free version doesn’t include all the options that are included in the Pro version. To unlock everything, you’ll have to pay $20.

However, unless you really need to print out directory listings on a daily basis, the free version will be more than enough for just about anybody. Once you install it, you have to first choose the directory that you want to print out. You can also choose from a list of favorites on the right hand side.

By default, Provide subdirectories and Provide files are checked. This means it’ll print out the list of files in the current directory and will include any folders also in the current directory. It will not list out the files that are in subdirectories. If you want to do that, you have to check the Run through subdirectories box at the bottom.

As you can see, you can include the creation date, modified date, file size, path, etc in the free version, but if you want file owner, file attributes, etc, you’ll need to unlock the software. In the example below, I checked Show file size and Run through subdirectories to get this output:

You can print it, copy to clipboard, or export out to Word and Excel. To be annoying, they disabled copy to Notepad and export to file in the free version. The Action tab is also completely disabled so won’t go into it here. Overall, the free version of the program does a great job and more than enough to get a complete and thorough listing of a directory.

Karen’s Directory Printer

Karen’s Directory Printer is pretty old (2009), but still does a great job of exporting out directory listings. It doesn’t have as many options as Directory List & Print Pro, but compared to the free version, it’s quite close.

You have to pick from the Print tab or the Save to Disk tab first. Both are exactly the same, one just prints to a printer and the other saves the output to disk. Probably didn’t need two separate tabs for that, but it’s an old program.

Pick your folder and choose whether you want to print file names only, folder names only, or both. You can also tell it to search sub folders and print them out also. In addition, you can include or exclude system, hidden and read-only files.

You can also sort by file name, file extension, file size, date created, date modified and more. You can also put a file filter so that only certain types of files are printed, such as images only, sound files, executables, documents, etc.

There really isn’t much else to the software than what I have shown above. It runs fine on Windows 7 and Windows 8, so that’s great.

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How To Get The Last Element Of A List In Python?

In this article, we will show you how to get the last element of the input list using python. Now we see 4 methods to accomplish this task −

Using negative indexing

Using slicing

Using pop() method

Using For loop

Assume we have taken a list containing some elements. We will return the last element of the given input list using different methods as specified above.

Method 1: Using negative indexing

Python allows for “indexing from the end,” i.e., negative indexing.

This means that the last value in a sequence has an index of −1, the second last has an index of −2, and so on.

When you want to pick values from the end (right side) of an iterable, you can utilize negative indexing to your benefit

Syntax list[len − 1]: By definition, points to the last element. list[−1]: Negative indexing starting from the end Algorithm (Steps)

Following are the Algorithm/steps to be followed to perform the desired task −

Create a variable to store the input list

Get the last element of the list using the “length of list – 1” as an index and print the resultant last element of the list.

Get the last element of the list using − 1(negative indexing) as the index and print the resultant last element of the list.

Example

The following program returns the last element of the input list using negative indexing −

inputList

[

]

(

“Input list:”

inputList

)

(

“Last element of the input list using len(list)-1 as index = “

inputList

[

len

(

inputList

)

–

]

)

(

“Last element of the input list using -1 as index = “

inputList

[

–

]

)

Output

On executing, the above program will generate the following output −

Input list: [5, 1, 6, 8, 3] Last element of the input list using len(list)-1 as index = 3 Last element of the input list using -1 as index = 3 Method 2: Using slicing

List slicing is a frequent practice in Python, and it is the most commonly utilized way for programmers to solve efficient problems. Consider a Python list. To access a range of elements in a list, you must slice it. One method is to utilize the simple slicing operator, i.e. colon (:)

With this operator, one can define where to begin slicing, where to end slicing and the step. List slicing creates a new list from an old one.

Syntax List[ start : end : step] Parameters

start– index from where to start

end – ending index

step – numbers of jumps to take in between i.e stepsize

Algorithm (Steps)

Following are the Algorithm/steps to be followed to perform the desired task −

Get the last element of the input list using slicing and create a variable to store it.

inputList[-1:][0] represents getting the first element by slicing it from the end of the list

Print the last element of the input list.

Example

The following program returns the last element of the input list using slicing −

inputList

[

]

(

“Input list:”

inputList

)

lastElement

inputList

[

–

]

[

]

(

“Last element of the input list = “

lastElement

)

Output Input list: [5, 1, 6, 8, 3] Last element of the input list = 3 Method 3: Using pop() method Algorithm (Steps)

Following are the Algorithm/steps to be followed to perform the desired task −

Give the input list

Using the pop() function(removes the last element from a list and returns it), for getting the last element of the list

print the resultant last element of the list.

Example

The following program returns the last element of the input list using the pop() function −

inputList

[

]

(

“Input list:”

inputList

)

(

“Last element of the input list = “

inputList

pop

(

)

Output Input list: [5, 1, 6, 8, 3] Last element of the input list = 3 Method 4: Using For loop Algorithm (Steps)

Following are the Algorithm/steps to be followed to perform the desired task −

Use the for loop, to traverse till the length of the list using the len() function(The number of items in an object is returned by the len() method)

Use the if conditional statement, to check whether the iterator value is equal to the length of the list -1.

Print the corresponding element of the list, if the condition is true.

Example

The following program returns the last element of the input list using the for loop −

inputList

[

]

(

“Input list:”

inputList

)

for

range

(

len

(

inputList

)

(

len

(

inputList

)

–

)

(

“Last element of the input list = “

inputList

[

]

)

Output Input list: [5, 1, 6, 8, 3] Last element of the input list = 3 Conclusion

We learned how to get the last element of a list using four different methods in this article: negative indexing, pop() function, negative indexing, and looping. We also learned how to use the pop() function to remove the last element from a list.

How To Find A List Of Block Devices Information

lsblk command is used to display a list of information about all available block devices. However, it does not give a list of information about RAM disks. Examples of block devices are hard disk, flash drives, CD-ROM. This article explains about how to find a list of block devices in Linux Machine.

To install lsblk for Fedora and CentOS ,use the following command –

$ sudo yum install util-linux-ng

To install lsblk for Ubuntu and Linux Mint ,use the following command –

$ sudo apt-get install util-linux -y

To find the default list of all blocks, use the following command –

$ lsblk

The sample output should be like this –

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2 8:2 0 40M 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 128M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 750M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 462.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 452.1G 0 part / ├─sda7 8:7 0 8G 0 part │ └─vol_grp1-logical_vol1 (dm-0) 252:0 0 100M 0 lvm └─sda8 8:8 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP] sr0

The clear information about the above result is shown below –

NAME − It indicates the device name.

MAJ:MIN − It gives the major and minor device number information.

RM − This column shows whether the device is removable or not.

SIZE − This gives information on the size of the device.

RO − It indicates whether a device is read-only.

TYPE −This column shows information whether the block device is a disk or a partition(part) within a disk.

MOUNTPOINT − This column indicates mount point on which the device is mounted.

To show a list of all devices including empty devices, use the following command –

$ lsblk -a

The sample output should be like this –

sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2 8:2 0 40M 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 128M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 750M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 462.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 452.1G 0 part / ├─sda7 8:7 0 8G 0 part │ └─vol_grp1-logical_vol1 (dm-0) 252:0 0 100M 0 lvm └─sda8 8:8 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom ram0 1:0 0 64M 0 disk ram1 1:1 0 64M 0 disk ram2 1:2 0 64M 0 disk ram3 1:3 0 64M 0 disk ram4 1:4 0 64M 0 disk ram5 1:5 0 64M 0 disk ram6 1:6 0 64M 0 disk ram7 1:7 0 64M 0 disk ram8 1:8 0 64M 0 disk ram9 1:9 0 64M 0 disk loop0 7:0 0 0 loop loop1 7:1 0 0 loop loop2 7:2 0 0 loop loop3 7:3 0 0 loop loop4 7:4 0 0 loop loop5 7:5 0 0 loop loop6 7:6 0 0 loop loop7 7:7 0 0 loop ram10 1:10 0 64M 0 disk ram11 1:11 0 64M 0 disk ram12 1:12 0 64M 0 disk ram13 1:13 0 64M 0 disk ram14 1:14 0 64M 0 disk ram15 1:15 0 64M 0 disk

To display information related to the owner, group and mode of the block device, use the following command –

$ lsblk -m

The sample output should be like this –

NAME SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE sr0

To find the size of columns in bytes, use the following command –

$ lsblk -b

The sample output should be like this –

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 1000204886016 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 524288000 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2 8:2 0 41943040 0 part ├─sda3 8:3 0 134217728 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 786432000 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 496196648960 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 485453987840 0 part / ├─sda7 8:7 0 8576000000 0 part │ └─vol_grp1-logical_vol1 (dm-0) 252:0 0 104857600 0 lvm └─sda8 8:8 0 8489271296 0 part [SWAP] sr0

If you do not want to display slave related information, use the following command –

$ lsblk -d

The sample output should be like this –

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

Congratulations! Now, you know “How to find a list of block devices information ”. We’ll learn more about these types of commands in our next Linux post. Keep reading!

Excel Search A Cell For A List Of Words

A while back Vernon asked me how he could search one cell and compare it to a list of words. If any of the words in the list existed then return the matching word.

Ugh, I’ve written that 3 times and I’m not sure it’s any clearer…let’s look at an example.

I’ve highlighted the matching words in column A red.

What we want Excel to do is to check the text string in column A to see if any of the words in our list in H1:H3 are present, if they are then return the matching word. Note: I’ve given cells H1:H3 the named range ‘list’.

There are a few ways we can tackle this so let’s take a look at our options.

Update: It’s easier and more robust to use Power Query to search for text strings, including case and non-case sensitive searches.

Non-Case Sensitive Matching

If you aren’t worried about case sensitive matches then you can use the SEARCH function with INDEX, SUMPRODUCT and ISNUMBER like this:

SEARCH cell A2 to see if it contains any words listed in cells H1:H3 (i.e. the named range ‘list’) and return the number of the character in cell A2 where the word starts. Our formula becomes:

=INDEX(list,SUMPRODUCT(

ISNUMBER(

{20;#VALUE!;#VALUE!}

)

*ROW($1:$3)))

i.e. in cell A2 the ‘F’ in the word ‘Finance’ starts in position 20.

Now using ISNUMBER test to see if the SEARCH formula returns any numbers (if it does it means there is a match). ISNUMBER will return TRUE if there is a number and FALSE if not (this gives us a list of Boolean TRUE or FALSE values). Our formula becomes:

=INDEX(list,SUMPRODUCT(

{TRUE;FALSE;FALSE}

ROW($1:$3)

))

Use the ROW function to return an array of numbers {1;2;3} (see notes below on why I’ve used ROW in this formula). Our formula becomes:

=INDEX(list,SUMPRODUCT(

{TRUE;FALSE;FALSE}

{1;2;3}

))

When you multiply Boolean TRUE/FALSE values they become their numeric equivalents i.e. TRUE = 1 and FALSE = 0. So our formula evaluates this ({TRUE;FALSE;FALSE}*{1;2;3}) like so: {1*1, 0*2, 0*3} and our formula becomes:

=INDEX(list,SUMPRODUCT(

{1;0;0}

))

SUMPRODUCT simply sums the values {1+0+0} which gives us 1. Note: by using SUMPRODUCT we are avoiding the need for an array formula that requires CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER. Our formula becomes:

INDEX(list,

)

Index can now go ahead and return the 1st value in the range of cells H1:H3 which is ‘Finance’.

Note: the above formula will not work if a match isn’t found. If you want to return an error if a match isn’t found then you can use this variation:

Not as elegant, is it? In which case you might prefer one of the array formulas below.

Notes about the ROW Function:

The ROW function simply returns the row number of a reference. e.g. ROW(A2) would return 2. When used in an array formula it will return an array of numbers. e.g. ROW(A2:A4) will return {2;3;4}. We can also give just the row reference(s) to the ROW function like so ROW(2:4).

In this formula we have used ROW to simply return an array of values {1;2;3} that represent the items in our ‘list’ i.e. Finance is 1, Construction is 2 and Safety is 3. Alternatively we could have typed {1;2;3} direct in our formula, or even referenced the named range like this ROW(list).

So you see using the ROW function is just a quick and clever way to generate an array of numbers.

What you must bear in mind when using the ROW function for this purpose is that we need a list of numbers from 1 to 3 because there are 3 words in our list and we’re trying to find the position of the matching word.

In this example the formula; ROW(list) will also work because our list happens to start on row 1 but if we were to start ‘list’ on row 2 we would come unstuck because ROW(list) would return {2;3;4} i.e. ‘list’ would actually reference cells H2:H4.

So, don’t get confused into thinking the ROW part of the formula is simply referencing the list or range of cells where the list is, the important point is that the ROW formula returns an array of numbers and we’re using those numbers to represent the number of rows in the ‘list’ which must always start with 1.

Functions Used

INDEX

SEARCH or FIND

ISNUMBER

SUMPRODUCT

ROW – Explained above.

Case Sensitive Matching

[updated Dec 5, 2013]

If your search is case sensitive then you not only need to replace SEARCH with FIND, but you also need to introduce an IF formula like so:

Unfortunately it’s not as simple or elegant as the first non-case sensitive search. Instead the array formulas below are nicer

Array Formula Options

Below are some array formula options to achieve the same result. They use LARGE instead of SUMPRODUCT, and as a result you need to enter these by pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER.

Non-case Sensitive:

[updated Dec 5, 2013]

=INDEX(list,LARGE(IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(list,A2)),ROW($1:$3)),1)) Press CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER

Case sensitive:

[updated Dec 5, 2013]

=INDEX(list,LARGE(IF(ISNUMBER(FIND(list,A2)),ROW($1:$3)),1)) Press CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER

Download

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Thanks

Special thanks to Roberto for suggesting the ‘updated’ formulas above.

How To Change Directory/Drive In Cmd On Windows 11

As you use Windows, there are times you will need to execute commands in the Command Prompt (CMD) to perform certain tasks. There are commands that will only work when they are executed in the right directory. This short guide will show you how to change the directory or drive in CMD on Windows 11.

The commands to change directory or drive can also be used in the Windows Terminal (a new command-line tools and shells similar to CMD) in Windows 11.

Change directory or drive in Command Prompt

In Command Prompt, you can use the CD command to change the current directory to any other directory you want. This is provided if you have access to the directory and if the directory you want to change to does exist.

For example, the command below will change the current directory to “C:test” in CMD.

cd C:test

If the directory or path name contains spaces, it’s recommended to use quotes around the directory. For example, the command below will change the directory to “C:New folder” in CMD.

cd "C:New Folder"

To change the current directory to a different drive in CMD, simply enter the drive letter. For example, the command below will change to D: drive.

Tip: To view a list of all folders (sub-directories) in the current directory in CMD, enter “dir” in Command Prompt.

dir

Can’t change directory in CMD

If the CD command does not work to change directory or drive in CMD, it is because CD is usually used for changing directory in the same drive. If you want to change the directory to a different drive, for example, from C: to D: drive, just type D: in the command prompt.

After changing the drive, you can then continue using the CD command to change the directory in that drive in CMD.

Alternatively, you can force use CD with a switch “/d” to tell the command prompt you are switching to another drive using the CD command. For example, the command below will change from any directory or drive to “D:foldersample” using CD command.

cd /d d:foldersample

The system cannot find the path specified error in CMD

Note that if the directory you are changing to does not exist, command prompt will return an error that says “The system cannot find the path specified“. Check the path name and try again.

Unable to change directory in CMD because “Access is denied”

If you receive the “Access is denied” error when you try to CD to a directory, it means that you do not have the privileges required to access the folder or directory. If you are an administrator in the system and you do own the folder, take ownership of the folder and try again. Read: How to Take Ownership of a File, Folder or Drive in Windows 11.

Change default directory in CMD on Windows 11

By default, if you open Command Prompt from the Start menu or Run window, it will usually open in your Windows profile directory which is something like C:usersalvin. Or, if you run CMD as administrator, it will always start in C:Windowssystem32.

There is no setting that allows you to change the default directory if you start CMD from Start or Run. However, there is a workaround to force CMD to start in any directory you want it to. You can create a shortcut pointing to chúng tôi and configure the Start in field to any directory you want the command prompt to start in. Here’s how to do it.

Whenever you open CMD through this shortcut, Command Prompt will automatically start in the directory you’ve entered in the “Start in” field earlier.

How To Create A Dropdown List Using Javascript?

We will learn to create a dropdown list using HTML and JavaScript below. Before starting with the article, let’s understand the dropdown list and why we need to use it.

The dropdown list gives multiple choices to users and allows them to select one value from all options. However, we can do the same thing using multiple radio buttons, but what if we have hundreds of choices? Then we can use the dropdown menu.

Syntax

function selectOption() { let selectedValue = dropdown.options[dropdown.selectedIndex].text; } Example

In the example below, we have created the dropdown menu for car brands. Also, we have written the JavaScript code to get the selected value from the dropdown. The ‘onchange’ event will trigger whenever the user selects new values and invoke the selectOption() function.

Also, we have given some CSS styles to the default dropdown menu. Furthermore, we hide the dropdown menu’s arrow to improve it. In CSS, users can see how they can customize the default dropdown.

let output = document.getElementById(‘output’); function selectOption() { let dropdown = document.getElementById(‘dropdown’); let selectedIndex = dropdown.selectedIndex; let selectedValue = dropdown.options[selectedIndex].text; output.innerHTML = “The selected value is ” + selectedValue; }

We can use normal HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create a dropdown menu from scratch. We can use HTML to make dropdowns, CSS to style them properly, and JavaScript to add behavior.

Steps

Users can follow the steps below to create a dropdown menu using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Step 1 − Create a div element for the dropdown title, and style it using CSS. We have created the div element with the ‘menu-dropdwon’ class.

Step 2 − Create a div element with the ‘dropdown-list’ class to add dropdown options.

Step 4 − Now, use JavaScript to add the behavior to our dropdown.

Step 6 − In the openDropdown() function, access the div element with the class name ‘dropdown-list’ and show if it’s hidden or hides it if it is visible using the display property.

Example

.menu-dropdown { width: 10rem; height: 1.8rem; font-size: 1.5rem; background-color: aqua; color: black; border: 2px solid yellow; border-radius: 10px; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center; justify-content: center; cursor: pointer; } .dropdown-list { display: none; z-index: 10; background-color: green; color: pink; font-size: 1.2rem; width: 10.5rem; border-radius: 10px; margin-top: 0rem; cursor: pointer; } .dropdown-list p { padding: 3px 10px; } .dropdown-list p:hover { background-color: blue; } Choose Value let output = document.getElementById(‘output’); let dropdownList = document.getElementById(“list”); dropdownList.style.display = “none”; function openDropdown() { if (dropdownList.style.display != “none”) { dropdownList.style.display = “none”; } else { dropdownList.style.display = “block”; } } const p_elements = document.getElementsByTagName(“p”); const totalP = p_elements.length; for (let i = 0; i < totalP; i++) { const option = p_elements[i]; output.innerHTML = “The selected option is ” + option.innerHTML; dropdownList.style.display = “none”; }) }

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